Literature review 8 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

8 - Literature audit Example By tending to issues, for example, of neediness, microfinance and its effect on and sexual orientation/power relations and ladies' strengthening, this investigation will endeavor to write itself into more extensive talks and discussions concerning value and balance, gendered imbalances, power relations, ladies' monetary and social strengthening as they are affected by microfinance. Saudi Arabia is an undisguised, plainly obvious male centric express; this examination targets exploring the positive and negative ramifications microfinance bears on the Saudi female customers. By considering the activity Bab Rizq Jameel (BRJ)1, and looking at its hidden standards, levelheaded achievements and objectives, this investigation expects to analyze its consequences for power relations, dynamic and bartering power in the family. This contextual investigation of microfinance in the realm of Saudi Arabia tries to unfurl a significant and lacking measurement to the present discussions encompassing sexual orientation and improvement in creating nations especially according to discusses encompassing sex equality2 versus ... There have been nonstop discussions on whether microfinance can be considered as a rescuer to neediness stricken ladies from mistreatment and gendered disparities or in the case of approaching smaller scale money related assets can enable ladies monetarily and socially. ‘Studies by and large recommend the least fortunate only from time to time profit by microcredit, while the center and upper poor advantage the most (Maclsaac, 1997). This doesn’t apply to the case in Saudi Arabia in light of the fact that the BRJ conspire is a foundation based methodology that is Shari’aa consistent (offering sans interest advances). There is a discussion between whether microfinance can help advance sexual orientation uniformity versus sexual orientation value. (See references 2 and 3 for the distinction) For the situation of Saudi Arabia, sexual orientation fairness would be an ideological situation, given the strict, social and conventional system in which there ruined ladies w ork. Sex value is a greater amount of an achievable objective in this unique situation. Besides, there are warmed discussions encompassing the issue of microfinance being respected an instrument to encourage women’s strengthening. An ongoing report in Bangladesh inferred that microfinance strategically, ‘does not legitimately challenge any official perspectives that oppress ladies, nor that any hard proof was found to demonstrate that microcredit credit advances strengthening or supports women’s freedom ’ (Faraizi et al., 2011). This investigation is especially valuable to this examination on the grounds that from multiple points of view Saudi Arabia imparts shared traits to the strict structure in Bangladesh; where Islamists in high places of intensity formally buy in to inconsistent rights for ladies. Whereby, any differentiating, dissimilar voices against the man centric predominant voice are hushed. (Faraizi et al., 2011) In the realm of

Hard to Be Fair

BEST PRACTICE Everyone realizes that being reasonable costs nearly nothing and pays off abundantly. At that point for what reason do not many administrators figure out how to act genuinely, despite the fact that most need to? Why It’s So Hard to Be Fair by Joel Brockner W hen Company A needed to downsize,it went through impressive measures of cash giving a security net to its laid-off specialists. The severance bundle comprised of numerous long stretches of pay, broad outplacement advising, and the continuation of medical coverage for as long as one year. In any case, ranking directors never disclosed to their staff why these cutbacks were important or how they picked which occupations to eliminate.What’s more, the midlevel line supervisors who conveyed the news to fired representatives did so clumsily, muttering a couple of spur of the moment words about â€Å"not needing to do this† and afterward giving them off to the HR office. Indeed, even the individuals wh o kept their employments were not exactly excited about the status quo took care of. A significant number of them heard the news while driving home on Friday and needed to hold up until Monday to discover that their employments were secure. After nine months, the organization proceeded to sputter.Not just did it need to ingest colossal lawful costs protecting against unfair end suits, however it likewise needed to make another round of cutbacks, in enormous part since worker profitability and resolve dove after the ? rst round was misused. At the point when Company B scaled back, conversely, it didn’t offer almost as liberal a severance bundle. However, ranking directors there clarified the key motivation behind the cutbacks on various occasions before they were actualized, and officials and center supervisors the same made themselves accessible to address questions and express lament both to the individuals who lost their positions and to the individuals who remained.Line ch iefs worked with HR to tell individuals that their occupations were being killed, and they exharvard business survey 122 squeezed certifiable concern at the same time. Accordingly, for all intents and purposes none of the laid-off workers ? driven an improper end claim. Laborers set aside some effort to conform to the loss of their previous partners, however they comprehended why the cutbacks had occurred. Furthermore, inside nine months, Company B’s execution was better than it had been before the cutbacks occurred.Although Company A went through considerably more cash during its rebuilding, Company B displayed a lot more noteworthy procedure reasonableness. At the end of the day, representatives at Company B accepted that they had been dealt with evenhandedly. From limiting expenses to reinforcing execution, process decency delivers colossal profits in a wide assortment of authoritative and individuals related difficulties. Studies show that when administrators practice pro cess reasonableness, their workers walk 2006 react in manners that reinforce the organization’s main concern both straightforwardly and indirectly.Process decency is bound to produce support for another technique, for example, and to encourage a culture that advances development. What’s more, it costs little ? nancially to actualize. To put it plainly, reasonable procedure bodes well. So why don’t more organizations practice it reliably? This article looks at that mystery and offers guidance on the most proficient method to advance more prominent procedure decency in your association. The Business Case for Fair Process Ultimately, every representative chooses for oneself whether a choice has been made fairly.But extensively, there are three drivers of procedure reasonableness. One is what amount of info workers accept they have in the dynamic procedure: Are their feelings mentioned and given genuine thought? Another is how representatives accept choices are made and actualized: Are they reliable? Is it accurate to say that they depend on precise data? Could botches be amended? Are the individual inclinations of the leader limited? Is sufficient notification ahead of time given? Is the choice procedure straightforward? The third factor is how chiefs carry on: Do they clarify why a choice was made?Do they treat representatives consciously, effectively tuning in to their interests and identifying with their perspectives? It’s significant that procedure reasonableness is unmistakable from result decency, which alludes to employees’ decisions of the primary concern consequences of their trades with their bosses. Procedure reasonableness doesn’t guarantee that workers will consistently get what they need; yet it does 123 OLEG DERGACHOV B E S T P R A C T I C E †¢ W h y I t’s S o H a rd t o B e Fa I r imply that they will get an opportunity to be heard.Take the instance of a person who was disregarded for an advanc ement. In the event that he accepts that the picked competitor was quali? ed, and if his supervisor has had a sincere conversation with him about how he can be more ready for the following chance, odds are he’ll be much more gainful and drew in than if he accepts the individual who landed the position was the boss’s pet, or in the event that he got no direction on the best way to push ahead. At the point when individuals feel hurt by their organizations, they will in general fight back. What's more, when they do, it can have grave consequences.A investigation of almost 1,000 individuals in the mid-1990s, drove by Duke’s Allan Lind and Ohio State’s Jerald Greenberg, found that a significant determinant of whether representatives sue for unjust end is their impression of how decently the end procedure was completed. Just 1% of ex-workers who felt that they were treated with a high level of procedure reasonableness ? driven an unfair end claim versus 17% of the individuals who accepted they were treated with a low level of procedure reasonableness. To place that in financial terms, the normal cost reserve funds of rehearsing process decency is $1. 8 million for each 100 workers excused. That ? gureâ€which was determined utilizing the 1988 pace of $80,000 as the expense of legitimate resistance †is a preservationist gauge, since in? ation alone has made lawful charges swell to more than $120,000 today. In this way, in spite of the fact that we can’t compute the exact ? nancial cost of rehearsing reasonable procedure, it’s safe to state that communicating certified concern and treating excused workers with poise is significantly more moderate than not doing as such. Clients, as well, are less inclined to ? le suit against a specialist organization on the off chance that they accept they’ve been treated with process fairness.In 1997, clinical analyst Wendy Levinson and her partners found that patients ordinari ly don't sue their primary care physicians for misbehavior just Joel Brockner ([emailâ protected] edu) is the Phillip Hettleman Professor of Business at Columbia Business School in New York. 124 in light of the fact that they accept that they got poor clinical consideration. An additionally telling variable is whether the specialist set aside the effort to clarify the treatment plan and to address the patient’s inquiries with thought †to put it plainly, to treat patients with process fairness.Doctors who neglect to do so are unmistakably bound to be hit with negligence suits when issues emerge. Notwithstanding lessening lawful costs, reasonable procedure eliminates worker robbery and turnover. An examination by the executives and HR educator Greenberg analyzed how pay cuts were Using process decency, organizations could go through much less cash and still have more satis? ed workers. taken care of at two assembling plants. At one, a VP considered a gathering toward the finish of the week's worth of work and reported that the organization would actualize a 15% compensation cut, in all cases, for ten weeks.He very brie? y clarified why, expressed gratitude toward workers, and responded to a couple of inquiries †the entire thing was over in a short time. The other plant executed an indistinguishable compensation cut, however the organization president made the declaration to the representatives. He disclosed to them that other cost-sparing alternatives, similar to cutbacks, had been thought of yet that the compensation slices appeared to be the least unpalatable decision. The president took 90 minutes to address employees’ questions and concerns, and he over and again communicated lament about taking this step.Greenberg found that during the ten-week time frame, worker burglary was almost 80% lower at the second plant than at the ? rst, and representatives were multiple times less inclined to leave. Numerous officials go to cash ? rst to take care of issues. In any case, my exploration shows that organizations can lessen ex-penses by routinely rehearsing process reasonableness. Consider it: Asking representatives for their sentiments on another activity or disclosing to somebody why you’re giving a decision task to her partner doesn’t cost a lot of cash. Obviously, organizations should keep on offering unmistakable help to workers as well.Using process decency, be that as it may, organizations could go through much less cash and still have more satis? ed workers. Consider the ? nancial aftermath that happens when ostracizes leave their abroad assignments rashly. Standard way of thinking says that expats are bound to leave early when they or their relatives don’t modify well to their new day to day environments. So organizations regularly go to extraordinary cost to encourage their alteration †taking care of the check for lodging costs, children’s tutoring, and the like.In a 2000 inve stigation of 128 exiles, HR specialist Ron Garonzik, Rutgers Business School teacher Phyllis Siegel, and I found that the expats’ acclimation to different parts of their lives outside work had no impact on their expectations to leave rashly on the off chance that they accepted that their supervisors by and large treated them reasonably. As such, high procedure reasonableness prompted expats to stay with an abroad task in any event, when they were not especially excited with living abroad. In a comparative vein, a few organizations have conceived costly answers for assist representatives with adapting to the pressure of present day work.They’ve set up nearby day care focuses and supported pressure the board workshops to help lessen non-appearance and burnout. Those endeavors are praiseworthy, however process decency is additionally a compelling procedure. When Phyllis Siegel and I overviewed about 300 workers from many o

The cultural belief of hegemonic masculinity essay

The cultural belief of hegemonic masculinity essay What is hegemonic masculinity? Hegemonic masculinity makes men as superior human and sees women as submissive and weak objects that should live according as the man says. According to the male dominance, they always should subordinate and contribute the womens position because women are not so great, perfect and brave as men. The theory of hegemonic masculinity was reviewed by many sociologists and scientists during all periods. Hegemony is a total winning and holding of power over other social groups. Masculinity sets men as the highest class of society and maintains their domination over women. Men are considered to have hegemonic masculinity if they exhibit the features of traditional masculinity. There is a certain set of qualities that a man should have, such as power, dominance, heterosexuality, leadership, rationality, control of their emotions. The traditional masculinity harms gender equality and sets men higher and much more important than women. Masculinity definition by various sociologists If to trace back to the Middle Ages, the philosopher Aristotle from Greece assumed that masculinity is equal to the rationality and strength of men, when women are marked by such things as emotions, sexuality and their bodies. The Australian sociologist R.W. Connell says that masculinity doesnt exist as an unchanged and single form. Connell presumes that a man of the modern society shouldnt have the qualities that considered masculine. She also insists that homosexuality is also a form of masculinity, despite on those facts that a lot of people define homosexuality as the opposite thing to the masculinity. Thanks to the Connells theory, people could study the history of masculinity. Her work showed that masculinity is a concept that can change. David Iacuone in his book “Real Men and Tough Guys” (2005) views masculinity as a blueprint that defines the real mans behavior and describes qualities he must have. According to Iacuone, hegemonic masculinity defines women as an object, gives them mostly domestic duties and notes their value for men only as sexual objects. But some men groups try to avoid hegemonic masculine culture, mostly when they want to improve their women welfare and try to change the traditional relations where patriarchy is dominating. Sociologists Michael S. Kimmel and Amy Aronson (2008) made a pattern of a real man; they defined him as a young, heterosexual, white, married, urban, with college education, employed, and with defined weight and height. They assumed that any man who doesnt fit this pattern, should be defined as unworthy. Ross Haenfler (2006) defines advantages and disadvantages of masculinity. He says this concept has got good benefits to set men higher than women but in the same way they should pay price for this with shorter life, lack of emotions in relationship and poor health. Haenfler noticed that men who lose control over relationship and work, become strict in self-control. They start to control thoroughly their sexual appetites, personal lives, and fitness because of the crisis, and as a result, try to avoid womens influence. According to Haenfler theory, since late 19th century, the base of masculinity was broken and modern men dont understand how to be a man. The traditional male role of breadwinner was destabilized a lot and taken by women, and apart from this, feminists make a challenge to men with changing gender inequality. Other critics and scientists who made researches on hegemonic masculinity says that the definition of this concept do not reflect the actual life of men, so the entire theory gives an imprecise report about male identities in society. Due to increasing and development of industrialization in our world, hegemonic masculinity started to lose its real meaning in modern society. Nowadays, a lot of women take leadership positions at work and assume the main role of breadwinners because a lot of young men try to avoid responsibilities that are dictated by masculinity. In our society women work as hard as men, and there are no differences between genders in this sense. Earlier women should mostly listen to their men, sit at home, raise children. Modern world totally changed this view with active position of feminization that lead to the current situation when gender is equal.

Harassment At Fox Valley Tech - 2547 Words

HARASSMENT IN THE WORKPLACE PREPARED FOR: MR.RICH KESTER INSTRUCTOR AT FOX VALLEY TECH PREPARED BY: ELIZABETH LUEBKE STUDENT AT FOX VALLEY TECH APRIL7, 2015 WRITTEN COMMUNICATION CLASS April 3,2015 Elizabeth S Luebke 519 Washington Ave Neenah, WI 54956 Dear Mr. Rich Kester: This letter sheds light on one of the biggest problems people face in the workplace today. I believe you will find based on my research, that there is a need for awareness of this problem and we need to show individuals there is a way to resolve it. †¢ This report will show you why harassment is such a big problem in the workplace †¢ Current statistics on who’s affected and which professions it occurs most frequently †¢ What solutions there are to this problem and what we can do to draw awareness Primary research consisted of statistics I obtained from 2014 WBI national workplace survey taken by 1000 adults in the United States. Secondary Sources included books, and online resources. The results of my research, to be discussed more in depth in my report, reveal a startling truth that we need too bring awareness to that is harassment does exist in the workplace. I would be happy to go over this report and its conclusions with you at your convenience. This assignment was really rewarding to research and write and opened my eyes to a problem that in the workplace that needs to end. Sincerely, Elizabeth S Luebke Student Fox Valley Tech ESL TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVEShow MoreRelatedAmerican Civil Rights Movement Essay15820 Words   |  64 Pagestopics of wealth, power and human passions. United Artists studio did not shoot its own films, but provided the here of independent producers films. Warner Brothers studio was not very reach, but shot popular gangster films and musicals. XX Century Fox shot musicals and historic films. Universal studio did not have equals during the era of silent cinema, but when talking cinema appeared they had to begin shooting of cheap films, mainly horror films. The Studio years 1930 - 1955. 7500. A needRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmanagers in organizations ensuring that compliance with HR-related laws and regulations occurs. Just to name a few, consider the following areas that must be managed daily by HR staff members. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  LOGGING ON . . . Equal employment Sexual harassment prevention Health benefit portability Pension compliance reporting ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  Family/medical leaves Safety and health management Union contract grievances Disability accommodations Employment Laws Assistance for Workers and Small BusinessRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesReverse Discrimination 71 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: English-Only Rules 72 Enforcing Equal Opportunity Employment 72 The Role of the EEOC 72 Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP) 73 Current Issues in Employment Law 74 What Is Sexual Harassment? 74 Are Women Reaching the Top of Organizations? 75 DID YOU KNOW?: EEOC Reaches Out to Young Workers 76 HRM in a Global Environment 78 Summary 79 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 52 Developing Diagnostic and Analytical SkillsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesFormal Power 414 †¢ Personal Power 415 †¢ Which Bases of Power Are Most Effective? 416 †¢ Power and Perceived Justice 416 Dependence: The Key to Power 416 The General Dependence Postulate 416 †¢ What Creates Dependence? 417 Power Tactics 418 Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace 421 Politics: Power in Action 424 Definition of Organizational Politics 424 †¢ The Reality of Politics 424 Causes and Consequences of Political Behavior 426 Factors Contributing to Political Behavior 426 †¢ How Do PeopleRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesform of value exchange or specie, thus eliminating complicated barter transactions. Middle Eastern Intercontinental Trade In ancient Egypt, the King’s Highway or Royal Road stretched across the Sinai into Jordan and Syria and into the Euphrates Valley. These early merchants practiced their trade following one of the earliest codes of commercial integrity: Do not move the scales, do not change the weights, and do not diminish parts of the bushel. Land bridges later extended to the Phoenicians, theRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagespolicies tend to reduce employee turnover. When employees can transfer, they have the opportunity to leave problem situations and are less likely to leave the organization. In addition, effective management of diversity and prevention of sexual harassment tend to increase retention.63 Marriott International, another of Fortune’s top 100 employers, has a workforce consisting of more then 50 percent minorities. The company has an excellent reputation for training and advancement opportunities and hasRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesproject management is the shortening of the product life cycle. For example, today in high-tech Chapter 1 Modern Project Management 11 industries the product life cycle is averaging 1 to 3 years. Only 30 years ago, life cycles of 10 to 15 years were not uncommon. Time to market for new products with short life cycles has become increasingly important. A common rule of thumb in the world of high-tech product development is that a six-month project delay can result in a 33 percent loss in

Civil War During The Reconstruction Era - 906 Words

During the Reconstruction Era, Congress passed many laws to provide equal rights to people of color. But at the local level, specifically in the South, many Democrats took the law into their own hands. They supported the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) hoping to restore the pre-Civil War social hierarchy. The texts in Going to the Source illustrates two groups of individuals who opposed the KKK. In testimonies given by white witnesses, Republicans from the North felt the KKK posed a political and social danger in the South, but did not feel intimidated. The testimonies given by black witnesses were people who had experience of the Klan’s violence, and felt their lives were threatened. The Klan’s attacks on whites were more inclined towards social harassment, while their attacks on blacks, which consisted of voting intimidation and night rides, were violent and abusive because the KKK’s main goal was white supremacy. After the Civil War, many white Republicans from the North moved down South in order to develop more economic opportunities. But this meant that white Republicans brought their own political beliefs. For example, many Northerners that moved down South encouraged economic developments models such as a free labor market. According to David Hardin, a post-Civil War historian, Northerners â€Å"play a central role in shaping new southern governments during Reconstruction† (18). The KKK viewed these white Northerners as moral threat to their political views, so they â€Å"would writeShow MoreRelatedThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reconstruction Era beginning in 1865 marked the period where white men and recently freed African Americans quarreled over the concept of equality on the basis of race as well as where freedom extended to. After the Civil War, there was a power struggle between the Republican and Democratic parties as they had ex tremely distinct ideas on whether African Americans should be free and hold citizen rights. African Americans were able to achieve citizenship as well as have equality through the 14thRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era During The Civil War910 Words   |  4 Pagessports, and many other things. The Reconstruction Era took place after the end of the Civil War. It lasted from 1965 to 1977. It was the North’s way of making peace with not only former slaves, but the South as well. The Reconstruction Era attempted to better the lives of African Americans by making advancements in education and religion. The 15th Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote. 105 African American colleges were created after the Civil War. While life was progressively gettingRead MoreThe Era Of Reconstruction During The Civil War1630 Words   |  7 Pageswhich was imposed by the white people. 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Though the people worked to restore the South they were unable to get over the differences and realitiesRead MoreBenefits Of Reconstruction Era During The Civil War Essay2309 Words   |  10 Pagesthe start of the reconstruction era. African American had also gained a voice in government for the first time in American history. These were just some of the many benefits of reconstruction era. The reconstruction era is a period after the civil war had ended which is the new and improved United States. The civil war was a conflict between the North and the South because of economic differences, social and political, but most importantly Slavery was the main cause of this war. Slavery is aRead MoreCongressional Era Of Reconstruction During Post Civil War Reconstruction2634 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Failure is simply an opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.† —Henry Ford. This was the Southern optimist’s view of what the results of post Civil War Reconstruction could be. Unfortunately, once the Congressional era of Reconstruction began, this view was squandered under federal punishment of the South. This policy led to strained relations between Congress and the ex-Confederate states. The difference of opinion was over how harshly the South should be punished for leaving theRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Grave Cause Of Many Events. Many People1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil war was a grave cause of many events. Many people may see the results of the war as a chain reaction to many following eras. One of the most prominent eras that emerged from the civil war was the reconstruction era. The reconstruction era emerged around 1865 and continued until 1877. This time period generally refers to the time in United States history in which the federal government set the conditions that would allow the rebellious Southern states ba ck into the Union. The States wereRead MoreHow Did The Radical Republican s Rise For The Failure Of The Post Civil War Reconstruction?1619 Words   |  7 Pagesfailure of the post-civil war reconstruction? The time between 1863, when Lincoln passed the ten percent act, until the year 1877, when reconstruction was officially ended, will be evaluated with information provided by the sources. The investigation will specifically look to how the Lincoln assassination allowed for the rise in the Radical Republican Party from 1866 to 1868 and the party’s effect on reconstruction acts leading to the failure of the post-civil war reconstruction era. Eric Foner’s novelRead MoreThe End Of The Reconstruction1318 Words   |  6 Pages1860’s there was an Era that started called the reconstruction. The main purpose for the reconstruction was to give African-American people full political and civil equality. However, it was very tough to do this, especially since most white in the south didn’t want the African-Americans to have the same rights as themselves. During this Era there were multiple good things that happened, yet, there were also many bad things that happened. For instance, during the reconstruction the 14th amendmentRead MoreThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reconstruction Era and The Jim Crow Era were both times of Rapid growth in the United States that were characterized by changes not only on the intrapersonal level, but also on the cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 t o 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. Some of the common themes of these eras were race relations and tension between northern states and southern states. The first

Bernard Shaw’s Contribution to Realism Free Essays

In 1891, Shaw writes The Quintessence of Ibsenism after seeing Ibsen’s A Doll House two years before. It is a criticism that tells us about Shaw more than Ibsen. In his book he talks about many aspects: the realist and idealist, that idealist wears mask and avoid the truth and reality whereas the realist faces it, and the human behaviors should justify itself by its effect on life; no one is villain and no one is hero because in reality, as Shaw sees, there is no complete man to be hero. We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard Shaw’s Contribution to Realism or any similar topic only for you Order Now From this, it arrived to us his theory that there is no villain or hero because it is a matter of affection of life on an individual. We see in Widowers’ Houses, a character rents a slum houses to poor people, he makes use of them, and here we see the real characters as human being away from the romantic conventions. Also, in The Philanderer, it tackles social problems through witty comedy. Another theory in the book, he talks about the idea Unwomanly Woman who rejects the idealism of womanliness that is capable working for her future and to be independent.As we see in Mrs. Warren’s Profession, when Vive refuses to act in a traditional feminine manner, always speaking her mind and demanding that others treat her as an individual who can work for her future and take her decision. The three plays I mentioned are categorized as â€Å"Plays Unpleasant† because it forces the spectator to face unpleasant facts, and it is not to entertain them but to raise the awareness of social problems there.As a result Shaw answered them with â€Å"â€Å"I do not hesitate to say that many of my critics have bee n completely beaten by the play simply because they are ignorant of society. † Shaw scorned the â€Å"well-made play† thinking that a play should grow out of the imagination not by plans and specifications. And although they play has no certain technique to follow, as Shaw believes, it must be didactic and to teach because it can be more real. He introduces the problem plays as part of the realism exposing many social ill and problems.As he continues his theory, he attacks the traditional Victorian acting, and he sees the need of new school of acting to teach actors how to be â€Å"plastic† that can act in any style and not to be dominated to sentimental roles. Because of his bad experience with censorship about his previous â€Å"Plays Unpleasant†, he should find a way to publish his plays and at the same time satisfying them. So, he tries to lower their defense by making them laugh through the method of clown and absurdist.As a result, he called his next plays as â€Å"Plays Pleasant,† and to not to be as his previous one, he uses the burlesque form to disguise its themes. Although at first he doesn’t like the well-made play, but in Arms and Man, he used it and exploited it to achieve his aim. Moreover, he discovers his style in Italian opera, and he thinks it is more enchantment than drama, besides his drama by mixing the satirical burlesque of Gilbert and the wit of Wild with his operatic style. Styan, J. L. Modern Drama in Theory and Practice: Realism and naturalism. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1983. How to cite Bernard Shaw’s Contribution to Realism, Papers

Internet In Business World Essays - Cultural Globalization

Internet In Business World The history of the Internet traces its roots to the United States government. The original use of the information system was to maintain communication during the cold war, with the Soviet Union in 1969, by the Department of Defense, incase of a nuclear attack or a major catastrophe. The National Science foundation created the Internet based on the ARPAnet. The first mass connection was between the University of California Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute, the University of Utah and the University of California Los Angeles.Ray Tomlinson develops E-mail in 1972.The ARPAnet became obsolete in 1982, but the basis for the program is still used at the present time. The Web began in 1989;it wasn't released to the world till the early 90's that's when it became the World Wide Web. In 1993 Marc Andressen created software for the Internet to publish text, images and sound. Andressen also introduced the first graphical Web browser, called Mosaic, still in use today. The United States runs most of the access to the Internet with 62% of all the routers, next closest is the United Kingdom with 5.2%. That is just an example of what America controls much on the Internet. 70% of the writing on the Internet is in English, next is Japanese. Statistics say 1 in 3 people use the Internet for E- Mail, 1 in 6 use it because they want to find out how it works, 1 in 8 want business information and 1 in 2 go to the Internet for education, hobbies, job listings, and entertainment. In 1993 less than 1% of users paid for use of the Internet. By 1995, it rose to over 200% due to the profits companies made from the providing this service. This became a common change that businesses have made since the beginning of the information highway. It was then clear that the Internet wasn't going anywhere anytime soon. This stared a trend, which is still being felt today and into the near future. Because of the demand for the Internet around the World, and the amount of capital a business could make that provides this service, is astounding, a good example of this is Cisco, a once Silicon Valley based business, which is now a Internet technology provider, reaped in $10 billion in 1986 without an IPO (initial public offering), and this is 14 years before the Internet became what it is today. In 1999 they became the third company in history to surpass $300 billion in market capitalization, second is Microsoft, and first is General Electric. Out of 150 million people who have access to the Internet 80 million of them are looking for opportunities to make a profit on the Internet. The entrepreneurs, small business owners, and large corporations are changing the Internet. Some of the information that use to be free is now being held for a price to subscribe to a companies web site. This is mainly because of the money involved in the E-commerce businesses and the amount of information acquired everyday in the use of the Internet, whether it's a question about a service or a complaint about a product. Internet based businesses have went from poor to rich overnight, this is the reason most people are in search of the goldmine of answers and money the Internet provides to the public through business on the Internet. Internet based businesses have went from poor to rich overnight and have a market full of consumers that are financially stable and are in demand of services and information from the Internet, this is the reason most businesses are in search of the goldmine the Internet provides. I.The three main reasons for people using the Internet. A. Communication 1.lower long distance charges than the telephone 2.technology being developed to make long distance phone calls free 3.E-mail 4.less expensive than postage stamps and paper 5.is less time consuming 6.availbe 24 hours a day 7 days a week 7.unlimited boundaries B. Business 1.80 million out of 150 million are on Internet for business opportunities 2. No geographic boundaries 3.access to more consumers 4.150 businesses join the Internet every day 5. Open 24 hours a day 6. Less labor force needed 7.able to answer question 24 hours a day 8.a bigger and cheaper way to advertise C. Education 1.more than 51% of instructional rooms had Internet access in 1998. 2.Classes and Seminars over Internet can be taken 3.virtualy all schools in the US are connected to the Internet and hookups in classrooms have increased 20 fold-since